One doesn’t arrive at good writing. Grow or stagnate.
Maybe your writing lacks punch. Or you’ve hit a brick wall.
Don’t give up! With help, your message still has the potential to reach the masses.
I can’t turn you into a bestselling author overnight, and I urge you to suspect anyone who says they can.
But I do believe I can help improve your writing immediately.
1. Don’t aim to write a bestseller.
That’s the last thing I think about when I start a new book. To have any chance at success, my manuscript must come from my passions, the overflow of what I really care about.
I have no control over the market, sales, reviews, and all the rest. All I can control is how much of myself I give to a writing project.
What’s your passion? What drives you?
Write about that.
Your passion will keep you at the keyboard and motivate you when the writing gets tough—and if you’re doing it right, it always does.
2. Always think reader-first.
Write Think Reader First on a sticky note and place it where you can see it while you’re writing.
Your sole job is to tell a story so compelling that your reader gets lost in it from the get-go.
Treat your readers the way you want to be treated and write what you would want to read.
That’s the Golden Rule of Writing.
Never let up, never bore. Always put your reader first.
3. Avoid throat-clearing.
That’s a term we in the writing business use for any writing that stalls a story or chapter by beginning with anything but the good stuff.
Cut the setup, the description, the setting, the philosophizing, and get on with the story.
4. Show, don’t tell.
Telling spoon feeds your readers rather than allowing them to deduce what’s going on.
Showing triggers the theater of her mind (See No. 7).
Telling: It was late fall.
Showing: Leaves crunched beneath his feet.
Telling: It was cold.
Showing: He tightened his collar and turned his face from the biting wind.
“Don’t tell me the moon is shining; show me the glint of light on broken glass.” — Anton Chekhov
Click here to read more about this.
5. Avoid telling what’s not happening.
“He didn’t respond.”
“She didn’t say anything.”
“The room never got quiet.”
If you don’t say it happened, we won’t assume it did.
6. Introduce your main character early, by name.
The biggest mistake new writers make is introducing their main character too late.
As a rule, he should be the first person on stage.
7. Trigger the theater of your reader’s mind.
Ever wonder why the book is always better than the movie?
Not even Hollywood, with all its creativity and high tech CGI capability, can compete with the theater of our imagination.
Give your reader just enough information to engage his imagination, making him a partner in the experience, not just an audience member.
8. Cut dialogue to the bone.
Unless including them to reveal a character as a brainiac or a blowhard, omit needless words from dialogue.
Obviously, you wouldn’t render a conversation the way a court transcript includes repetition and even um, ah, uh, etc.
See how much you can chop while virtually communicating the same point.
Like this:
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This doesn’t mean your dialogue has to be choppy—just cut the dead wood.
You’ll be surprised by how much power cutting adds.
9. Omit needless words.
Less is more.
Tighten, tighten, tighten.
Again, you’ll find cutting almost always adds power.
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10. Choose normal words over fancy ones.
Showing off your vocabulary or flowery turns of phrase draws attention to the writing itself rather than the content.
That’s the very definition of author intrusion.
11. Use active voice vs. passive voice.
Fix passive voice by replacing state-of-being verbs.
Passive: The party was planned by Jill.
Active: Jill planned the party.
Passive: The book was read to the children by the teacher.
Active: The teacher read the book to the children.
Avoiding passive voice will set you apart from much of your competition. And it adds clarity.
12. Avoid mannerisms of attribution.
Have people say things, not wheeze, gasp, laugh, grunt, snort, reply, retort, exclaim, or declare them.
Sometimes people whisper or shout or mumble, but let your choice of words imply whether they grumble, etc.
If it’s important that they sigh or laugh, separate the action from the dialogue:
Jim sighed. “I just can’t take it anymore.”
13. Avoid began to…
…laugh, or cry, or shout, or run. People don’t just begin to do these things. They do them.
Just say it: He laughed, she cried, Fred shouted, Traci ran…
14. Eliminate clichés.
And not just words and phrases.
Also, root out situational clichés, like:
Starting your story with the main character waking up
Having a character describe himself while standing before a mirror
Having future love interests literally bump into each other when they first meet
Having a shot ring out, only to have the shooter be a surprise third party who kills the one who had the drop on the hero
Having the seemingly dead or unconscious or incapacitated villain spring back to life just when we thought the hero had finally saved the day
Also, avoid the dream cliché. It’s okay to have people dream but eliminate the dreadful cliché of spelling out an entire harrowing scene and then surprising the reader by having the character wake up. That’s been used to death and lets the air out of your story.
Also, avoid heart and breathing clichés: pounded, raced, thudded, hammered, gasped, sucked wind, etc.
If you render the scary situation compellingly enough, you need not tell readers anything about your character’s heartbeat or breath. Readers should experience those themselves.
15. Avoid on-the-nose writing.
A Hollywood term for writing that mirrors real life without advancing the story, on-the-nose writing is the most common mistake I see in otherwise good writing. Eliminate small talk, banalities, etc.
16. Avoid the words up and down—unless they’re really needed.
He rigged [up] the device.
She sat [down] on the couch.
17. Read The Elements of Style by William Strunk Jr. and E.B. White
Every writing teacher I know recommends this short paperback, and it should be at the top of your list if you want to improve as a writer.
I’ve read it at least once a year for more than 40 years. Its simple truths cover everything you need to know about style and grammar.
Click here to get the book.
18. Give your readers credit.
They understand more than you think.
Example: “They walked through the open door and sat down across from each other in chairs.”
If they walked in and sat, we can assume the door was open, the direction was down, and—unless told otherwise—there were chairs.
So you can write: “They walked in and sat across from each other.”
19. Use powerful verbs.
Ever wonder why an otherwise grammatically correct sentence lies there like a dead fish?
Your sentence might be full of those adjectives and adverbs your teachers and loved ones so admired in your writing when you were a kid. But the sentence doesn’t work.
Something I learned from The Elements of Style years ago changed the way I write and added verve to my prose: “Focus on nouns and verbs, not adjectives and adverbs.”
To learn how, read my post 249 Strong Verbs That’ll Instantly Supercharge Your Writing.
A couple of things to watch for:
20. Resist the urge to explain (RUE).
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Avoid hedging verbs like smiled slightly, almost laughed, frowned a bit, etc. The character either smiles, laughs, frowns, or doesn’t.
Avoid state-of-being verbs: is, am, are, was, etc. Not: There was a man standing on the train platform. Rather: A man stood on the train platform.
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21. Don’t shortchange your research.
Though fiction, by definition, is made up, to succeed it must be believable. Even fantasies must make sense.
Once the reader has accepted your premise, what follows must be logical. Effective research is key to adding the specificity necessary to make this work.
Accurate details add flavor and authenticity. Get details wrong, and your reader loses confidence—and interest—in your story.
The essentials:
Consult Atlases and World Almanacs to confirm geography and cultural norms and find character names that align with the setting, period, and customs. If your Middle Eastern character flashes someone a thumbs up, be sure that means the same in his culture as it does in yours.
Online and hard copy Encyclopedias.
YouTube and online search engines can yield tens of thousands of results.
A Thesaurus, not to find the most exotic word, but to find that normal word on the tip of your tongue.
In-person interviews with experts. People love to talk about their work, and often such conversations lead to more story ideas.
And remember, research detail should be used as seasoning. Don’t make it the main course—that should be your story itself.
22. Become a ferocious self-editor.
Agents and editors can tell within two pages whether a manuscript is worthy of further consideration.
That sounds unfair, and maybe it is. But it’s a reality we writers need to face.
Learn to aggressively self-edit using the tools I’ve given you here.
Never submit writing with which you’re not entirely happy.
23. Develop a thick skin.
Every piece of published writing is a duet between editor and writer, not a solo. Learn to take criticism, especially from professionals who are on your side and want you to succeed.
24. Become a voracious reader.
Your career as a writer can end before it starts unless you make time to read.
You won’t find the time—you have to carve it out of your busy schedule.
That might seem impossible with your busy life, but how badly do you want to become a published author?
Writers are readers. Good writers are good readers. Great writers are great readers.
25. Don’t let fear of failure stop you.
Even the most successful writers fear there’s too much competition and they’re not good enough.
They’re right! So don’t try to overcome that fear. Embrace it. It’s valid!
Instead, let it motivate you to do your best work. Every time.
You Can Get Better at Writing
I’ve dedicated most of my life to coaching writers, because I love paying forward all I’ve learned and seeing you succeed.
Practicing these tips won’t turn you into an overnight success—writing is hard, exhausting, time-consuming work. And if it isn’t, you’re probably not doing it right. But all that effort is worth it.
Dreamers talk about writing. Writers write. So don’t quit. Before long, you just might find yourself becoming a better writer. Jerry
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